40 термин

Қаржы мен ақша ағыны глоссарийі

Бизнесті алып жүретін қаржы, есеп және ақша ағыны терминдерінің қарапайым анықтамалары — формулалар мен мысалдармен.

13-Week Cash Flow Forecast

A 13-week cash flow forecast is a rolling projection of your cash position for the next three months, typically updated weekly.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Accounts Payable

Accounts payable (AP) is money your business owes to suppliers, vendors, or service providers for goods or services already received but not yet paid for.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable (AR) is money customers owe you for goods or services you've already delivered but haven't yet been paid for.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Accrual Accounting

Accrual accounting records revenues and expenses when they are earned or incurred, rather than when cash is actually received or paid.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Balance Sheet

A balance sheet is a financial snapshot of what your business owns (assets), what it owes (liabilities), and what the owner has invested (equity) on a specific date.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Bank Reconciliation

Bank reconciliation is the process of comparing your accounting records (general ledger) with your bank statement to identify and explain differences.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Break-Even Point

The break-even point is the sales volume or revenue level at which a business neither makes a profit nor incurs a loss—total revenue equals total costs.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Budget

A budget is a detailed forecast of expected revenue and expenses over a specific period (usually a month, quarter, or year).

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Budgeting

Budgeting is the process of forecasting future revenues and expenses, then allocating resources to meet business goals.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Burn Rate

Burn rate is the speed at which a company spends its cash reserves, typically measured as monthly spending.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Cash Flow Forecasting

Cash flow forecasting is the process of projecting your future cash inflows and outflows based on historical data, business assumptions, and known commitments.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Cash Flow Statement

A cash flow statement is a financial report showing exactly how much cash moved in and out of your business over a specific period.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Cash Flow

Cash flow is the movement of money in and out of your business—cash inflows from sales, loans, or investments, and cash outflows for expenses, debt payments, and investments.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Cash Inflow

Cash inflow is money coming into your business.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Cash Outflow

Cash outflow is money leaving your business—payments for expenses, salaries, debt repayment, inventory, equipment, taxes, and anything else that requires you to hand over cash.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

CFO (Chief Financial Officer)

A Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is the executive responsible for managing a company's financial planning, accounting, treasury, and reporting.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is the total direct cost of materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead required to produce the goods sold by a company during a period.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Current Ratio

The current ratio is a liquidity metric that measures your ability to pay short-term obligations with current assets.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)

Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) is the average number of days it takes your business to collect payment after making a sale.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

EBIT

EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) is the profit a company generates from its core operations, excluding the effects of financing (interest expense) and taxation.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

EBITDA

EBITDA stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Fixed Costs

Fixed costs are expenses that remain constant regardless of how much your business produces or sells.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

FP&A (Financial Planning & Analysis)

FP&A (Financial Planning & Analysis) is the function within a business responsible for forecasting revenues, costs, and cash needs, and then analyzing actual performance against those forecasts to support decision-making.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow (FCF) is the cash a company generates from its operations, less the money spent on capital investments like equipment, facilities, or software.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Gross Margin

Gross margin is the percentage of revenue left after subtracting the cost of goods sold (COGS).

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Gross Profit

Gross profit is the revenue earned from sales minus the direct costs of producing those goods or services.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Income Statement

An income statement (also called a profit and loss or P&L statement) is a financial document that shows all revenues, costs, and expenses over a specific period (usually a quarter or year), culminating in net income—the bottom-line profit or loss.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Liquidity

Liquidity is your ability to convert assets into cash quickly to pay bills and meet short-term obligations.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue)

Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) is the predictable revenue a subscription or membership-based business expects to receive each month from active customers.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Net Cash Flow

Net cash flow is the total cash coming into your business minus the total cash going out in a given period—typically a week, month, or quarter.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Net Profit Margin

Net profit margin is the percentage of revenue that remains as profit after all expenses are paid.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Net Working Capital

Net Working Capital (NWC) is the difference between your current assets and current liabilities.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Operating Cash Flow

Operating cash flow (OCF) is the actual cash generated—or consumed—by your core business operations, excluding investment and financing activities.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Quick Ratio

The quick ratio (also called the acid-test ratio) is a more conservative liquidity metric than the current ratio.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

ROI (Return on Investment)

ROI measures how much profit you generate from an investment relative to its cost.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

SME (Small and Medium Enterprise)

An SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) is a business classified by size, typically measured by employee count or annual revenue.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Variable Costs

Variable costs are expenses that fluctuate in proportion to your production volume or sales.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Variance Analysis

Variance analysis is the process of comparing actual financial results—revenue, expenses, cash flow—against your planned budget and investigating why differences exist.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Working Capital

Working capital is the difference between your current assets (cash, receivables, inventory) and current liabilities (payables, short-term debt) due within one year.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

Глоссарий

Zero-Based Budgeting

Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method in which every expense must be justified from scratch for each budget cycle, starting from zero.

Анықтаманы оқу

1 мин оқу

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